Salmonella disease is a co-morbidity of humans and animals caused by Salmonella bacteria, and is clinically manifested as enteritis and sepsis. 【Pathogen】 Salmonella is Gram-negative bacillus, with a size of 0.6~1µm×2~3µm. The main causes of dogs an...
Salmonella disease is a co-morbidity of humans and animals caused by Salmonella bacteria, and is clinically manifested as enteritis and sepsis.
【Pathogen】
Salmonella is Gram-negative bacillus, with a size of 0.6~1µm×2~3µm. The main causes of dogs and diseases are S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. arizonae and S. choleraesuis, among which S. typhimurium is the most common. Although salmonella disease is rare in canines, healthy dogs can carry a variety of serotypes of salmonella. The separation rate of Salmonella in healthy-looking canine feces is 1% to 36%.
【Epidemiology】
Salmonella typhimurium is widely distributed in nature and is prone to spread between animals, humans and the environment. Salmonella survives in vitro environment for a long time, and the bacteria can be detected from the environment. The bacteria are mainly transmitted through the digestive tract pathway, and respiratory pathway infection can occur occasionally. Rehabilitated and clinically healthy animals often carry salmonella for more than 6 weeks.
【Symptoms】
The clinical manifestations of salmonella disease include gastroenteritis; bacteremia; endotoxinemia and local organ infection.
Gastroenteritis type: The case develops 3 to 5 days after infection, and the symptoms are more serious in frailty, young and elderly people. It starts with fever, decreased appetite, and then vomiting, abdominal pain and severe diarrhea. When diarrhea starts, the feces are thin as water, and then turn into mucus. In severe cases, gastrointestinal bleeding causes blood in the feces. Within a few days, obvious weight loss and severe dehydration can be seen, manifested as pale mucosa and weakness.
Bacteremia and endotoxinemia type: Most of them are severe infections. This type is generally a pre-stage symptom of gastroenteritis, and sometimes it is not obvious, but the symptoms are more obvious in puppies and animals with low immunity. The diseased animals show extreme depression, weakness, shock and central nervous system symptoms, and even death. Those with neurological symptoms show increased body stress, paralysis of the hind limbs, blindness, and convulsions. Some cases do not necessarily have symptoms of gastroenteritis in the early stage.
Bacterial invasion of local organ infection: symptoms of pneumonia may occur when the lungs, cough, difficulty breathing and nasal bleeding. Miscarriage, stillbirth or weak childbirth occur in uterus. After bacteremia, bacteria may metastasis and invade other organs and cause symptoms related to the pathology of the organ.
Only a small number of sick dogs die in the acute phase, most of them recover after 3 to 4 weeks, and a small number continue to experience chronic or intermittent diarrhea.
【Diagnosis】
1. Bacterial isolation and identification This is the most reliable method for confirmation. In the acute phase of the disease, salmonella found from secretions, blood, and urine can be determined as systemic infection. During the autopsy, the disease material should be taken from the liver, spleen, lung, mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines and inoculated on ordinary culture medium or McConkai culture medium.
2. Serological test Salmonella infection was diagnosed using agglutination reaction and indirect hemagglutination test (IHA).
3. The emergence of a large number of white blood cells in feces is a characteristic of salmonella enteritis and other large-scale damage to the intestinal mucosa.
【Treatment】
1. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. Amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, butamocytamycin, tobramycin or fluphenolic acid are selected.
2. Replenish fluid to strengthen the heart. Intravenous drip at a dose of 40 ml/kg body weight with 5% glucose normal saline. For those with heart failure, 0.5% ketone 1 is injected into intramuscularly; for those with intestinal bleeding, hemostatic drugs can be injected.
3. Clear the intestine and stop fermentation. 0.1% potassium permanganate and activated carbon enema were used. Atomic oxygen inactivated toxins produced by potassium permanganate, activated carbon adsorbs and toxins.
4. Protect the intestinal mucosa. Oral or deep enema can be used for gastromethin, bismuth hyponitrate, etc.
5. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Pueraria cerium pellets, Xianglian pellets, Huoxiang Zhengqi Water, etc.
6. Diet therapy. When diarrhea or vomiting occurs, you should fast for 24-36 hours. After the ban is turned on, you can give prescription food.
